Francois Jacob says "Nature is a excellent tinker, not a divine artificer."

Francois Jacob says "Nature is a excellent tinker, not a divine artificer." This means that nature will make you change somethings to survive but it is not perfect and may not even be needed to change in some cases. With the pandas thumb it is a contrivance in which it is modified for new use. The pandas thumb is not like human thumbs but it helps the panda eat the bamboo around him or her. This is like were it says in the quote that nature is a tinker. The panda body changed to survive and feed its self. Just like the orchids they trap insects and pollen so they can be fertilized and make other orchids. This is a new method so they can survive and reproduce.

http://www.athro.com/evo/thumb.gif

https://student.societyforscience.org/sites/student.societyforscience.org/files/main/articles/Orchid-with-hornet.jpg

Tarsiers

Tarsiers are haplorrhine primates and are aprart of the Tarsiidae  family. The live on the islands of Southeast Asia. They are small with huge eyes. Each eyeball is 16 mm in diameter, it is also as big as its own brain. They have long hind legs with long tarsus bones for feet. This is where they get there name. They use there long arms and legs for clinging and leaping. There body is 10 to 15 cm long, but there hind legs are about twice that size. Their fingers are also elongated, with the third finger being about the same length as the upper arm. All fingers have nails, but the second and third toes of the hind feet bear claws instead, which are used for grooming. Tarsiers have very soft fur which is buff, beige or ochre in color. Tarsiers lack any tooth-comb, and their dental formula. Tarsiers lack a light-reflecting area (tapetum lucidum) of the eye and have a fovea. They are carnivorous and catch insects by jumping on them. They usually eat birds, snakes, lizards, and bats.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsier#Anatomy_and_physiology

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/ba/Bohol.tarsier_jtlimphoto.JPG

http://www.tarsier.com/tarsier.jpg

Blue-footed Booby

The Blue-footed Booby is a marine bird in the Sulidae. They are found in the Galapagos Islands. This have ten different long-winged seabird species. There are six different kinds of boobies. These birds was found by Charles Darwin. These birds are know by there blue feet which is used as a sexually selected trait. During mating time the male birds perform a dance in front of the female birds to get them to mate with them. The males lift there feet up and down and move around to do there dance. The blue-footed booby mate in tropical and subtropical islands of the Pacific Ocean. The female birds are bigger than the male bird. They eat fish which causes them to dive and swim underwater. They do lay eggs they lay one to three at a time.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-footed_Booby

http://www.duskyswondersite.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/blue-footed-booby-two.jpg

http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/6A/6AD2B57A-C3F3-420D-8447-1BE430FBC664/Presentation.Large/Blue-footed-booby-at-nest-with-eggs.jpg

Metasepia pfefferi

Metasepia pfefferi is a type of cuttlefish. This type of cuttlefish is poisonous.  They have short board but blade like arms . they have sucker on them that are in rows of four. They are also used for fertilization. When they mate it is called hectocotylus. The suckers also help with walking on the ocean floor. Most of them grow 8 to 6 cm long. They have a cuttle-bone which is hard, brittle internal structure and internal shell. It is a chambered, gas-filled shell used for buoyancy control. Its cuttle-bone is small compared to other cuttlefish. Even though it appearances to look rough it is smooth. They are active during they day. They hunt and eat fish and crustaceans. They are able to hide from pry and scare them off. They have a pattern of black, dark brown, and white, with yellow patches around the mantle, arms, and eyes. The arm tips often display bright red coloration to ward off would-be predators. The skin of the M. pfefferi contains the poisonous toxins.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasepia_pfefferi

http://ferrebeekeeper.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/24m1611-09d-flamboyant-cuttlefish.jpg

http://www.divedownbelow.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/cuttlefish-04.jpg

Orchid Mantis

The orchid mantis get its name from looking like a flower- orchid. The orchid mantis is still a praying mantis. On the legs of the orchid mantis it looks like flower petals. The color of the mantis are mostly white and pink and some what purplish. The females are about 6 cm long and have six body segments. They have the ability to fly. They live for about eight months. The females are very aggressive and are kept to themselves except when it is time for they to mate. The males are smaller than the females. They are 2.5 to 3 cm long and have eight body segments. They live for about five to six months. They also can fly and they mature faster than the females do. The females begins to mate and a couple of days after mating they lay there eggs. Five to six weeks later the eggs hatch. At first they are red and black. They will feed on small insects. The adults will eat insects and small lizards.

http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/choose-a-species/invertebrates/insects-and-millipedes/hymenopus-coronatus

http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/QdfGCscTMak/maxresdefault.jpg

http://www.origamicupcake.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/OrchidMantis_ROW74435013_20110607.jpg

http://gallery.photo.net/photo/5112092-lg.jpg

Horseshoe Crab

Horseshoe crab are marine arthropods of the family Limulidae that live primarily in and around shallow ocean water on soft sandy or muddy bottoms. They occasionally come onto shore to mate. They are commonly used as bait and in fertilizer. In recent years, a decline in the number of individuals has occurred as a consequence of coastal habitats in Japan and overharvesting along the coast of North America. Horseshoe crab are considered living fossils. Unlike vertebrates, horseshoe crab do not have hemoglobin in their blood, but instead use hemocyanin to carry oxygen. Because of the copper present in hemocyanin, their blood is blue. Their blood contains amebocytes, which play the role of white blood cells of vertebrates in defending the organism against pathogens. Amebocytes from the blood of L. polyphemus are used to make Limulus amebocyte lysate, which is used for the detection of bacterial endotoxins. Harvesting horseshoe crab blood involves collecting and bleeding the animals, and then releasing them back into the sea. Most of the animals survive the process; mortality is correlated with both the amount of blood extracted from an individual animal, and the stress experienced during handling and transportation.

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/crash-a-tale-of-two-species/the-benefits-of-blue-blood/595/

http://izismile.com/2011/08/16/amazing_horseshoe_crabs_with_blue_blood_20_pics.html

Cesarean (C-Section)

Cesarean delivery also known as a C-section is a procedure used to deliver a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and a second incision in the mother's uterus. A C-section might be planned ahead of time if you develop complications with the pregnancy or you've had a previous C-section and aren't considering vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Often, however, the need for a first-time. C-section doesn't become obvious until labor is under way. If you're pregnant, knowing what to expect during a C-section both during the procedure and afterward can help you prepare. Sometimes a C-section is safer for you or your baby than is a vaginal delivery. Your health care provider might recommend a C-section if: your labor isn't progressing, your baby isn't getting enough oxygen, your baby is in an abnormal position, you're carrying twins, triplets or other multiples, there's a problem with the umbilical cord, you have a health concern or your baby has a health concern and if you have had a C-section before. Some women request C-sections with their first babies to avoid labor or the possible complications of vaginal birth. Recovery from a C-section takes longer than does recovery from a vaginal birth. And like other types of major surgery, C-sections also carry a higher risk of complications. Risks to you include: inflammation and infection of the membrane lining the uterus, increased bleeding, reactions to anesthesia, blood clots, wound infection, surgical injury and increased risks during future pregnancies.

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/c-section/MY00214

http://www.healthyhippie.net/more-twins-delivered-via-c-section/

http://doctorstock.photoshelter.com/image/I00009hfPQ3vgn4E

Eye Color

Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stoma of the iris. In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium located on the back of the iris, the melanin content within the iris stoma located at the front of the iris, and the cellular density of the stoma. The appearance of blue and green, as well as hazel eyes, results from the Rayleigh scattering of light in the stoma, a phenomenon similar to that which accounts for the blueness of the sky. Neither blue nor green pigments are ever present in the human iris or ocular fluid. Eye color is thus an instance of structural color and varies depending on the lighting conditions, especially for lighter-colored eyes. The genetics of eye color are complicated, and color is determined by multiple genes. So far, as many as 15 genes have been associated with eye color inheritance. The once-held view that blue eye color is a simple recessive trait has been shown to be incorrect. The genetics of eye color are so complex that almost any parent-child combination of eye colors can occur.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_color

http://www.eyecircles.net/honey-eye-color/

http://youqueen.com/beauty/makeup/mesmerizing-eyes-8-essential-eye-makeup-tips/

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta for testing. Placenta is an organ that is connected to the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange through the mothers blood supply. The chorionic villi which makes up most of the placenta is shared between the mother and baby it makes up its genetic makeup. CVS can reveal whether a baby has a chromosomal condition, such as Down syndrome and test for other genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis. CVS can give valuable information about the baby's health. CVS is offered when the test results might have a significant impact on the management of the pregnancy or your desire to continue the pregnancy. Chorionic villus sampling is usually done between weeks 10 and 12 of pregnancy earlier than other prenatal diagnostic tests, such as amniocentesis.  This is a serious test and you must understand the risk that comes along with the procedure and you must prepare yourself for the results.

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/chorionic-villus-sampling/MY00154
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta

http://www.baby2see.com/medical/amniocentesis_cvs.html

http://suite101.com/a/what-is-chorionic-villus-sampling-a332856

Amniocentesis

Amniocentesis is procedure in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus for testing or treatment. The amniotic is fluid that the baby is surrounded in. In this fluid it has fetal cells and various chemicals that comes from the baby. The process starts off by getting an ultrasound, then a numbing medicine is rubbed on the mothers belly or a shot is giving in the skin or belly. Then a long needle is inserted through the belly into the womb. At this time a small amount of fluid about 20 ml is removed. In the lab the fluid is used for genetic studies and to see the levels of alpha-fetoprotein. This test can be done for many reasons. It could be tested to see if the baby has Down Syndrome, Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18, Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter and Spina Bifida or any other problems. This test is 99 percent accurate. It can tell if the baby is fully developed enough for birth. The test tells if the baby has any infections or illness. This procedure could be done to remove some of the amniotic fluid. It takes the results two weeks to come back. This test is done when the woman is 16 to 22 weeks pregnant. This test can also cause risk such as genetic and chromosomal problems. The test is invasive and carries a small risk of miscarriage.

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/amniocentesis/MY00155
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniocentesis#Procedure
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003921.htm

http://www.pregnancyatoz.org/2nd-Trimester/Checks-and-Tests/Amniocentesis

http://www.morningsicknesssymptomshub.com/category/amniocentesis/

Gray Tree Frogs- Hyla Vesrsicolor

Classification: Phylum-Chordata, Class-Amphibia, Order-Anura, Family-Hylidae, Genus-Hyla. The gray tree frog are located from Manitoba east to Maine and south to northern Florida and central Texas. They are nocturnal frogs. They sleep during the day and at night they look for food. The gray tree frog has many colors on it, green, brown and gray. The color of there skin can have many different patterns. They also can change the color of their skin within seconds. It also change in color by the temperature. If it is cold the skin is a darker color. The color on the frog helps it to blend in with its surrounding like trees that have dark color bark. They live in moist wood areas and swamps near water. They can be all kinds of sizes but mostly they are two inches long. Just like other frogs they have sticky toe pads that help it to cling to objects. The gray tree frog also have a mating call which has a slower trill that is musical. They mate from April to August. The males are very aggressive and defend what is his. The males also are the ones who does the mate calling. The female frogs lay there eggs inside water. When the females lay there eggs there are 2000 eggs in groups of 10 to 40. It take the eggs four to five days to catch. The process of becoming a froglet takes up to two months. This type of frog eats moths, crickets, ants, flies, grasshoppers and beetles.

http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/graytreefrog.htm

http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/graytreefrog.htm

http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/graytreefrog.htm

Tumor and Cancer

Tumor is a swelling part of the body caused by an abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant. Benign tumor is a mass of cells that lacks the ability to move to other tissues or metastasize. Benign tumors are not cancerous. They have a slow growth rate. Moles are a common benign tumor. Malignant tumors can spread to different tissues and to other parts of the body. It interrupt organ function. Malignant tumors are cancerous. When it begins to spread it is called metastasis when it moves from its original site. Cancer is a disease group that has cells that are unregulated in growth. With cancer the cells divide and spread rapidly.  Carcinoma begins in tissue that lines the inner or outer surface of the body. It comes from cells in the endodermal or ectodermal. Sarcoma is cells that are transformed of mesenchymal origin. Found in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vascular, or hematopoietic tissues. Cancer that is formed in blood tissues are leukemia and lymphomas, they are found in bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_tumor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoma

http://www.lolsure.com/16-pound-tumor/

http://www.riversideonline.com/health_reference/Womens-Health/DS00328.cfm

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is when a offspring is made my one parent that inherits the genes and traits from that one parent. These occur with single-celled organisms like archaea, bacteria, protists, plants and fungi. Prokaryotes organism reproduce asexually which uses conjugation, transformation and transduction. Plants is a great example of asexual reproduction and star fish. Sexual reproduction is a process that creates a new organism by combing the genetic material of two organisms which occurs in eukaryotic and prokaryotes organisms. This is when two parents join so they can form an offspring. This offspring will get genes and traits from both parents. Sexual reproduction occurs when a female and a male come together. The best example is humans.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_reproduction
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction

http://atheistuniverse.net/profiles/blog/show?id=6381005%3ABlogPost%3A294309&commentId=6381005%3AComment%3A294533&xg_source=activity

http://clubfungi-basidiomycota.wikispaces.com/

Gregor Mendel

Gregor Johann Mendel was born July 20 1822 and died January 6 1884. It has been said that he is the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel is known as the " father of modern genetics". He is known for Mendel's Laws which was the Law of Segregation (the "First Law") and the Law of Independent Assortment ( the "Second Law"). The Law of Segregation states that every individual possesses a pair of alleles for any trait and each parent passes a allele to its offspring. The Law of Independent Assortment states that separated genes for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring. Mendel started out his experiments on pea plants. He came up with dominant and recessive alleles by crossing over.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance#Law_of_Segregation_.28The_.22First_Law.22.29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel

http://applejacksgirl.blogspot.com/2012/04/mendel-gregor-mendel.html

Enzyme Inhibitor - Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a NSAID or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It works along with a compound called prostaglandins. It can also be known as local hormones because they work where they are made and not all over the body. Ibuprofen is a painkiller and a antipyretic which helps the process of the prostaglandins. It interferes with an enzyme called cyclo-oxygenase. It is made up of a compound called arachidonic acid. There is more things that is similar to ibuprofen like aspirin. Ibuprofen are enzyme inhibitor which is a molecule that binds enzymes and decreases their activity. This can kill pathogen or correct metabolic imbalance.

http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-your-cupboard/nurofen/2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:200mg_ibuprofen_tablets.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ibuprofen-3544.png

http://biochemanics.wordpress.com/tag/enzymes-inhibitors/

Goiter

Goiter is swelling of the thyroid gland, this lead to swelling of the neck or larynx. This is an enlargement of the thyroid referred to as thyromegaly.  Hypothyroidism is related to goiter, the symptoms are weight loss and heat intolerance. Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland do not produce enough of thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The most common cause of goiter is iodine deficiency, mostly where there is a lack of iodized salt. Worldwide 90.54 percent is caused by the lack of iodine. There is three different growth patterns uninodular (struma uninodosa), multinodular (struma nodosa), diffuse (struma diffuse). It size is classified in three different sizes class I (palpation struma) : can not be seen, class II: can be easily seen, class III: very large.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goitre

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thyroid,_Diffuse_Hyperplasia.jpg

http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/goiter/

Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin was born February 12 1809 and died April 19 1882. He was an naturalist and geologist. He is known for the evolutionary theory, which is the theory of changes in organic design through controlled random mutations and contingent selection. He said that all species have a common ancestor. He combined his thoughts and theory with Alfred R. Wallace and they came up with natural selection. Natural selection is the natural process of biological traits. Darwin compared natural selection to artificial selection and called it selective breeding. He published a book in 1859 called On the Origin of Species. The book is said to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. The book introduce the scientific theory. Charles Darwin had a huge impact on the science world.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_of_Darwin's_theory

Dolly the Cloned Sheep

The first mammal to be cloned was a sheep named dolly. Dolly name came form Dolly Parton. Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell cloned her from an adult somatic cell using nuclear transfer. Dolly was made from a mammary gland. The two men that preformed this experiment was colleagues at the Roslin Institute which was also associated with the University of Edinburgh. Somatic cell is a biological cell that forms the body of an organism. During the process of nuclear transfer the cell from the adult cell is transferred into an unfertilized oocyte that has had it's nucleus removed. Dolly was born on July 5 1996 and she died when she was six years old, on February 14 2003. She died from a lung disease. While Dolly was alive she was bred with a Welsh Mountain ram and they had six lambs. Bonnie was the first lamb she had, he was born April 1998. The following year she had a set of twins lamb named Sally and Rosie. The next year she had triplets named Lucy, Darcy and Cotton. By the age of four Dolly had arthritis, but it was successfully treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Dolly legacy goes on for being the first successfully cloned mammal.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_(sheep)

http://www.monolithmagazine.co.uk/raelian-clone-culture/

Fish vs Mercury

Not all fish is safe to eat, 84 percent of fish contains high levels of mercury and cause health problems. A highly toxic metal called Methylmercury, 80 percent of it is found deep in the ocean, which is why fishes that feed from the bottom has the highest levels. Coal burning plants spread out mercury pollution that comes from Asia and it's toxins go into the ocean. The fish that feeds off the top of the ocean surface does not have a high level of mercury like the flying fish and the yellowfin fish because the sunlight helps break it down. The fish that feeds on the deep level of the ocean has high levels of mercury because the metal binds together with bacteria and sinks to the bottom then small fish eat it then bigger fish it the smaller fish and so on. The fish with high levels of mercury is the Pacific bluefin tuna, swordfish, lantern fish, moonfish, bigeye, skipjack tuna and king mackerel. Methlmercury can have a serious affect on children. It can harm the development of the brain and nervous system. If unborn babies is exposed to the toxin it can impair there memory, attention, language, fine motor, and other physical and mental skills.

http://health.yahoo.net/experts/dayinhealth/mercury-seafood-it-still-safe-eat-fish

http://seaeaglemarket.com/yellowfin-tuna/

http://ed101.bu.edu/StudentDoc/Archives/ED101fa10/lizabeth/content1.html

 

Walruses affected by Global Warming

As ice began to melt in Alaska, walruses are starting to crowd together on the Alaskan beach. The walruses are moving due to the climate warming. The beach is 700 miles from Anchorage were the change in global warming is melting their habitats (ice floes). Close to 10,000 walruses crammed together on the tiny beach. The number of walruses has change rapidly. Walruses weigh up to 3,700 pounds which is a lot of weight on such a tiny surface. September 12th there was 2,000 to 4,000 walruses on the beach, about a week and a half later the number doubled. With big crowds like this they can be easily scared and they will move to a different location to feel safe. While doing this they leave the younger walruses behind and they are often killed. Where the walruses is moving to there are gray whales calves.

http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/no--more-room--thousands-of-walruses-cram-onto-beach-160933082.html

http://www.alaska-in-pictures.com/bristol-bay-walrus-group-alaska-peninsula-6065-pictures.htm

http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/images/prmd/C20130922_0008_stamped_hires_org.jpg

 

Sinkholes

Sinkholes are a natural depression or a hole that is formed when surface layers collapse. Sink holes can vary in size from 3.3 to 2,000 feet in diameter and depth. They can form gradually over time or suddenly. Sink holes could happen naturally or artificially. Natural sinkholes can be formed by water draining or standing still and can also be formed in dry places. The process of forming a sinkhole is from erosion or removal of bedrock, as the rock underneath the ground dissolves or is washed away the ground becomes weak which then cause the ground to collapse. Artificial sinkholes are formed by humans. Artificial sinkholes can form from old mine that was closed off and the ground above it finally gave in, which means it is not a sinkhole because it was not natural. Sinkholes can also occur when water lines break, sewer collapse or old pipes give away.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dead_Sea_sinkhole_by_David_Shankbone.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sinkhole.jpg

Fruit Flies

Fruit flies often feed on fruits that's how they get there name but they also eat other varieties of food. They like their food to be decaying or fermenting. They reproduce very quickly and are extremely small in size. Which makes them easy to move to place to place. There is a small variety of fruit flies. the adult flies are .008 to .2 inches long or 2 to 5 millimeters long. Some fruit flies can be very large and look like regular house flies. One type of fruit flies is Drosophilidae which have around 1,500 different species. They have a red or reddish brown color and clear wings. The other type of fruit flies is Tephritidae which have 5,000 different species. They have colorful wings which is referred to peacock flies.

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-fruit-flies-and-where-do-they-come-from.htm

http://cottagecountrypestcontrol.blogspot.com/2012_05_01_archive.html

http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/diptera/tephriti/phottour/Rhag_com.htm

What is the color of your skin?

Everyone's skins is a different color. Your skin color varies based on your race and your family genes and the traits you receive from your parents. Most skin colors are pale, white, tan, brown, or dark black. Have you ever heard of any other skin colors like orange, purple, or even blue. Well I have come across blue people. In Kentucky there is a family there that has blue skin. This did not happen by them dying their skin it is passed through their genes it is hereditary. The blue people were form Appalachian that was isolated form everyone else. The family had a hereditary blood disorder called methemoglobinemia. This disorder was caused my a decreased level of oxygen given to tissues. This caused there blood to be brown which gave their skin a blue color. To get this disorder you would have to inherit two genes which means you would have to receive one trait from each parent. The way they keep this going was they would marry within there family and have children, so first cousins would marry each other or there aunts and uncles to pass it along.

http://www.archives.com/genealogy/family-heritage-blue-people.html



http://abcnews.go.com/Health/blue-skinned-people-kentucky-reveal-todays-genetic-lesson/story?id=15759819

 

http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/offbeat-news/blue-fugates-real-life-smurfs/5313